Option Compare Text 'la casse est ignorée
Private Sub Worksheet_Activate()
Dim c As Range, x$, crit$, n&, i&, a(), b
Randomize
Application.ScreenUpdating = False
With [Tableau1].ListObject.Range 'tableau structuré
    .Sort .Columns(1), xlAscending, Header:=xlYes 'tri du tableau
    For Each c In UsedRange
        If c = "N° Equipe" Then
            x = Trim(Replace(c(0, 0), "POULE", ""))
            crit = x & "*"
            n = Application.CountIf(.Columns(1), crit)
            c(2).Resize(4, 2) = "" 'RAZ
            If x <> "" And n Then
                ReDim a(1 To n)
                For i = 1 To n: a(i) = Rnd: Next i 'nombres aléatoires
                b = .Cells(Application.Match(crit, .Columns(1), 0), 1).Resize(n, 2) 'au moins 2 éléments
                tri a, b, 1, n
                With c(2).Resize(IIf(n < 4, n, 4))
                    .Value = b 'restitution
                    .Replace x, "", xlPart
                End With
            End If
        End If
    Next
End With
End Sub
Sub tri(a, b, gauc, droi) ' Quick sort
Dim ref, g, d, temp
ref = a((gauc + droi) \ 2)
g = gauc: d = droi
Do
    Do While a(g) < ref: g = g + 1: Loop
    Do While ref < a(d): d = d - 1: Loop
    If g <= d Then
      temp = a(g): a(g) = a(d): a(d) = temp
      temp = b(g, 1): b(g, 1) = b(d, 1): b(d, 1) = temp
      g = g + 1: d = d - 1
    End If
Loop While g <= d
If g < droi Then Call tri(a, b, g, droi)
If gauc < d Then Call tri(a, b, gauc, d)
End Sub